References by Chapter
15. Managing Government Spending
Federal Spending: Where Does the Money Go, National Priorities Project. [return]
https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/spending/Budget Process, National Priorities Project. [return]
https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/federal-budget-process/A. Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, U.S. Department Of The Treasury – Bureau of the Fiscal Service. [return]
https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/reports-statements/financial-report/statements-of-operations-changes.html#table1
B. Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 – Reconciliations of Net Operating Cost and Budget Deficit, U.S. Department Of The Treasury – Bureau of the Fiscal Service. [return]
https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/reports-statements/financial-report/reconciliations-of-net-operating-cost.htmlExecutive Summary to the FY 2021 Financial Report of U.S. Government– The Federal Government’s Response to the Pandemic, U.S. Department Of The Treasury – Bureau of the Fiscal Service. [return]
https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/reports-statements/financial-report/where-we-are-now.html#pandemicBorrowing and the Federal Debt, National Priorities Project. [return]
https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/borrowing-and-federal-debt/US Budget Deficit by Year Compared to GDP, the National Debt, and Events, by Kimberly Amadeo, reviewed by Robert C. Kelly, fact checked by J.R. Duren, updated Apr 5, 2022, The Balance. [return]
https://www.thebalance.com/us-deficit-by-year-3306306United States Government Notes to the Financial Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, pg 106, U.S. Department Of The Treasury – Bureau of the Fiscal Service. [return]
https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports-statements/financial-report/2021/notes-to-financial-statements-2021.pdfSovereigns Ratings List, Countryeconomy.com. [return]
https://countryeconomy.com/ratingsUnited States Government Notes to the Financial Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, pg 108 [ref 7] [return]
A. America's Money Matters: Understanding the Nation's Long-term Fiscal Health, Mar 23, 2021, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), YouTube. [return]
https://youtu.be/9ewU_vdpRgw
B. Transcript for referenced video [return]
https://www.gao.gov/assets/720/713192.txt
C. GAO report with data used in video, The Nation’s Fiscal Health: After Pandemic Recovery, Focus Needed on Achieving Long-Term Fiscal Sustainability, Mar 23, 2021, GAO-21-275SP, GAO. [return]
https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-275sp
D. Full GAO report to Congress with all data [return]
https://www.gao.gov/assets/720/713179.pdfThe Nation’s Fiscal Health: Federal Action Critical to Pivot toward Fiscal Sustainability, May 5, 2022, GAO-22-105376, U.S. Government Accountability Office. [return]
https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-22-105376Does the National Debt Matter?, by David Andolfatto, Dec 4, 2020, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [return]
https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-economist/fourth-quarter-2020/does-national-debt-matterA. The National Debt Dilemma, by James McBride and Anshu Siripurapu, updated Oct 1, 2021, Council on Foreign Relations. [return]
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/national-debt-dilemma
B. How much should we worry today about the rising federal debt?, by David Wessel, Dec 14, 2020, The Brookings Institution. [return]
https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/how-much-should-we-worry-today-about-the-rising-federal-debt/Reducing Wasteful Federal Spending, by Chris Edwards, Jan 9, 2014, Testimony, Cato Institute. [return]
https://www.cato.org/testimony/reducing-wasteful-federal-spendingHow Many Federal Agencies Exist? We Can't Drain The Swamp Until We Know, [ch 14 ref 3] [return]
The Effect of Tax Increases and Spending Cuts on Economic Growth, Testimony before the Senate Budget Committee by Veronique de Rugy, May 22, 2013, Mercatus Center – George Mason University. [return]
https://www.mercatus.org/publications/government-spending/effect-tax-increases-and-spending-cuts-economic-growthClimbing Out of Debt, by Alberto Alesina, Carlo A. Favero, and Francesco Giavazzi, Finance & Development, Mar 2018, Vol. 55, No. 1, International Monetary Fund. [return]
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2018/03/alesina.htmA. Majorities favor increased spending for education, veterans, infrastructure, other govt. programs, Apr 11, 2019, Pew Research Center. [return]
https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2019/04/11/little-public-support-for-reductions-in-federal-spending/pp_2019-04-11_federal-spending_0-01-2/
B. Little Public Support for Reductions in Federal Spending, Apr 11, 2019, Pew Research Center. [return]
https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2019/04/11/little-public-support-for-reductions-in-federal-spending/How many black belts are there and how can it improve my career?, by Dr. Mikel Harry, iSixSigma. [return]
https://www.isixsigma.com/ask-dr-mikel-harry/ask-certification-training/how-many-black-belts-are-there-and-how-can-it-improve-my-career/Humankind: A Hopeful History, pgs 301-305, Kindle edition [ch 5 ref 29] [return]
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